| 8,020,946 | | 429,240,746 | 8,375,164 | | ┴439,942,305 | 8,978,929 | | ┴Pro446,055,933 |
| 1.9 | | 100.0 | 1.9 | | 100.0 | Pro2.0 | | Pro100.0 |
| 8.8 | | - | 10.8 | | - | 17.5 | | Pro8.4 |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 92.0 | | 95.6 | 121.0 | | 116.0 | 135.3 | | - |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 16.8 | | 16.7 | 14.6 | | 15.4 | 14.4 | | - |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 15.5 | | 15.9 | 17.7 | | 17.9 | 19.5 | | - |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.4 | | 4.2 | 3.8 | | 3.7 | 3.4 | | - |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.33 | | 1.43 | 1.43 | | 1.54 | 1.41 | | Pro1.46 |
| 28.4 | | 29.0 | 30.0 | | 30.2 | 31.2 | | Pro31.1 |
| 33.1 | | 26.8 | 40.4 | | 37.8 | 41.4 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 4.8 | | 5.8 | 3.6 | | 3.8 | 2.4 | | 3.3 |
| 78.8 | | - | 81.1 | | 80.1 | 81.4 | | Pro80.6 |
| - | | - | 3,652.0 | | 184,224.5 | 4,090.9 | | 198,511.6 |
| - | | - | 2.3 | | 2.4 | 2.2 | | 2.2 |
| 10.2 | | - | 8.5 | | 13.2 | 8.4 | | 9.6 |
| § | | - | 23.6 | | 33.4 | 44.0 | | 42.8 |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 74.2 | | 67.1 | 77.3 | | 74.6 |
| 82.8 | | - | 74.7 | | 81.7 | 69.5 | | 81.4 |
| 33.6 | | - | 44.1 | | 30.3 | 50.7 | | 29.1 |
| 10.8 | | - | 11.3 | | 15.4 | 10.9 | | 13.8 |
| 16.8 | | - | 10.9 | | 25.0 | 6.8 | | 17.8 |
| 19.0 | | - | 16.1 | | 20.1 | 12.7 | | 16.0 |
| 8.1 | | - | 9.6 | | 15.3 | 8.7 | | 14.1 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 4.0 | | - | 4.6 | | 9.9 | 4.8 | | 6.2 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 1.9 | | - | 2.6 | | 5.8 | 3.2 | | 3.8 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 5.6 | | - | 8.0 | | 20.6 | 8.1 | | 12.9 |
| u27.0 | | - | 26.3 | | 44.0 | 25.2 | | 38.5 |
| 71.7 | | - | 65.3 | | 76.6 | 62.5 | | 73.5 |
| - | | - | - | | - | - | | - |
| s2.0 | | s1.8 | 2.7 | | s2.0 | Pro3.2 | | s2.2 |
| - | | s64.3 | 68.8 | | s63.1 | Pro68.9 | | s66.2 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | - | | s1,747,667 | 61,171 | | s2,256,720 | s92,640 | | s3,200,403 |
| - | | s52.6 | 68.8 | | s53.7 | s69.2 | | s60.3 |
| - | | - | 8.9 | | s6.7 | s13.1 | | s9.8 |
| - | | - | 75.4 | | 71.6 | 93.2 | | 92.4 |
| - | | - | 75.6 | | 65.5 | 90.5 | | 88.6 |
| - | | - | 82.9 | | 67.9 | - | | - |
| 114.1 | | 100.0 | 115.0 | | 100.0 | 119.4 | | 100.0 |
| 66.7 | | 65.7 | 82.4 | | 82.0 | 78.4 | | 83.4 |
| 31,060 | | 970,649 | 37,178 | | 1,271,009 | 61,077 | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | 0.1 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | - | | - | 0.3 | | 0.3 |
| 1.7 | | - | 2.3 | | - | 0.3 | | - |
| -0.8 | | -0.4 | 1.6 | | 0.6 | -0.3 | | -0.4 |
| 54.1 | | 55.8 | 53.4 | | 55.4 | 51.2 | | 52.1 |
| 19.0 | | 19.7 | 19.9 | | 21.2 | 20.6 | | 21.3 |
| 24.8 | | 22.7 | 22.5 | | 21.1 | 25.3 | | 22.9 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 31.6 | | 14.5 | 33.8 | | 23.0 |
Primary energy consumptiontoe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 29.1 | | 1,434.3 | 32.0 | | 1,412.8 | 30.2 | | 1,257.1 |
Final energy consumptiontoe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 25.2 | | 1,002.9 | 27.2 | | 985.2 | 26.3 | | 940.5 |
| 14.0 | | - | 19.6 | | - | - | | - |
| 1.2 | | - | 1.0 | | 1.4 | 1.0 | | 1.4 |
| 8,989 | | - | 12,255 | | - | 15,072 | | - |
| 38.0 | | - | 44.8 | | s44.2 | 43.6 | | 43.5 |
| 12.0 | | - | 14.5 | | s16.9 | 14.8 | | 16.5 |
| 24.0 | | - | 27.4 | | 30.5 | 27.8 | | 29.6 |
| 52.0 | | - | 59.7 | | 50.8 | 59.7 | | - |
| 71.1 | | - | 69.9 | | s44.0 | 69.1 | | 44.0 |
| 59.4 | | - | 31.1 | | 30.9 | 35.5 | | u30.3 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |